Natural abundances vary based on the planet and its formation history. For example, Mars and Earth have different oxygen isotope ratios. It has been suggested that the moon was formed when a planet-sized object
struck a glancing blow on Earth. Although the cores remained largely intact, the remnants of these two bodies
eventually reformed into Earth and moon. Explain how you could use isotopic analysis to support this theory.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

phaneritic textures in which phaner means visible so phaneritic textures are standard of impertinent volcanic rocks. these rocks crystallized gradually under the surface of earth. when the magma cools deliberately then the ores have chance to develop and produce long crystals.

answer transpiration;

i think i can answer even without the example. over time with environmental changes, sometimes a group of animals will adapt to better survive. take a moth for example. if the trees the moths use to camouflage themselves from predators, started to die or change colors themselves, the moths may, overtime of course, change color too. its just adapting to its surroundings. hope i was of any : )