What are some real world problems and how can biology be used to solve these
problems?

The real world problems are explained below:

Various non-renewable energy resources like natural gas and fossil fuels. We can use biology to help with the development and improvement of renewable energy sources like hydroelectric energy.

Many countries have issues with starvation and famine. It's usually due to there are various people in a dry, desolate area, like as Yemen, or Afghanistan, where it's very difficult to grow food. We can use biology to create or generate new seeds.

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a. Lack of energy resources

Many non-renewable energy resources, such as natural gas and fossil fuels, and quickly being used up. We can use biology to help with the creation and improvement of renewable energy sources, such as geothermal or hydroelectric energy.

b. Food scarcity in developing countries

Many third world countries have issues with starvation and famine. It's usually because there are many people in a dry, desolate area, such as Yemen, Niger, or Afghanistan, where it's difficult to grow food. We can use biology to develop new seeds that can withstand extreme heat or drought, to combat famine in these countries.

I hope this helps!