You are performing a fruit fly cross similar to those that Morgan performed. Unfortunately, you forgot to write down the parents of your cross. You count the progeny, and find you have 40 red-eyed males, 80 red-eyed females, and 40 white-eyed males. Assuming that all genotypes from this cross should have equal survival rates, what are the genotypes of the parent flies?

Female: X⁺X⁻  

Male: X⁺Y

Explanation:

Red-eyed males--> X⁺Y

Red-eyed males--> X⁺X⁺

White-eyed males-->X⁻Y

Being X⁺ the one that expresses red eyes and X⁻ the one that expresses white eyes.

This is a proportion 3:1 > 120 red: 40 white

There were red and white-eyed males, which Suggesting that the female parental was heterozygous for the color-eye trait, giving one X⁺ to 40 males and X⁻ to the other 40 males.

While the parental male was red-eyed. If it was white-eyed, then white-eyed females would have appeared among the offspring.

Parental) X⁺X⁻   x   X⁺Y

Punnet square)        X⁺        X⁻

                     X⁺    X⁺X⁺     X⁺X⁻

                      Y      X⁺Y      X⁻ Y

F1) 1/4 X⁺X⁺

    1/4 X⁺X⁻

    1/4 X⁺Y

    1/4 X⁻ Y

    2/4 red-eyed females

    1/4 red- eyed male

    1/4 white-eyed male

    3/4 red-eyed individuals

    1/4 white- eyed individuals

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

the "power" of a lens is its resolution power, or its ability to distinguish between to closely located points. with the low power lens, it is likely you will see the rough form of the hay and maybe some movement of dots around the hay. however, when observed with the high power lens, the detailed features of the hay become visible and the microbes being grown are more clearly visible.

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