a molecule of glucose, a simple carbohydrate. If this molecule were broken down, would it provide all of the elements needed to assemble lipids, nucleic acids, or proteins?

it has one origin of replication, but it proceeds in two directions - d)

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).