Ecology and evolution of infectious diseasesgenomics"Tree of All Life"global There are many fields of biology, and in some branches, biologists are concerned with tiny

, while others study vast

. Biologists who study how the activities of all living organisms affect both the atmosphere and climate are working in the field of

. Researchers who seek to replace damaged genes or to genetically engineer bacteria are studying

. Some biologists work to combine the latest genetic information with computer technology to organize all living things into a single universal

. Scientists concerned with HIV, bird flu, drug-resistant bacteria, and other pathogens are researching the

, while others who look at the entire sets of DNA code contained in a wide range of organisms are studying

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein

This  focuses on  the entrepreneurial leadership of these  growth  firms.   governmentministers can play a critical  role  in  fostering  enterprise and innovation. their  role  is to direct thegovernment  departments and agencies to  focus  on the problem and develop effective policies.

Yes yes yes very good