is the most common pathological result of DNA damage.

Cancer is the most common pathological result of DNA damage

Explanation:

DNA damage refers to a change in the basic structure of DNA due to natural or environmental factors. DNA damage results in changes in the structure of genes as well as altering the replication machinery of DNA. DNA damage may occur as a break in a DNA strand, deletion of a base of DNA, or an altered DNA base as in  8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a common marker for oxidative DNA damage.

When these damages to DNA occur, DNA repair proteins are activated to repair the damaged DNA or in some severe cases, self-destruct. However, when these DNA damages are such that these cells lose the ability to follow the instructions of the replication machinery, the cells proliferate without control resulting in the development of various forms of cancers.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.