In Shorthorn cattle, coat color may be red, white, or roan. Roan is an intermediate phenotype expressed as a mixture of red and white hairs. For this problem, use "A" to indicate the allele that produces red hair, and "a" to indicate the allele that produces white hair. The following phenotypic data are obtained from various crosses: Cross 1: red × red → all red Cross 2: white × white → all white Cross 3: red × white → all roan Cross 4: roan × roan → 1/4 red: 1/2 roan: 1/4 How is coat color inherited?
by incomplete dominance
by recessive epistasis
by dominant epistasis
by multiple alleles
What are the genotypes of parents in cross 1?
1. AA
2. Aa
3. aa

Explanation:

You will find the complete answer in the attached file due to technical problems.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.