1. Define homeostasis and give an example. How does the body maintain homeostasis? 2. What are the top 6 elements found in all living things and what are the 4 MOST COMMON organic elements found in all living things? 3. Explain why carbon is important to life? Provide examples. Include the types of bonds carbon forms? 4. Describe the difference between monomers, polymers, polypeptides, nucleotides. 5. What are the 4 main classes or types of macromolecules? 6. What is the monomer that makes up each class of macromolecule and what type of bonds link the monomers? 7. Make a chart. The 4-headings are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In the chart, you are to include: · Characteristics · Elements · Structure, function, uses · Examples · monomers/polymers/bonds, (Subunits) 8. Provide examples of monosaccharaides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 9. Compare and contrast the polysaccharides: glycogen, starch, chitin, cellulose 10. Compare and contrast saturated, unsaturated, and trans-fatty acids. 11. What is the simplest type of fat? 12. What are the monomers of nucleic acids? 13. What are the subunits of fats? 14. Describe the 4 different levels of protein structure. 15. What happens when a protein is denatured and what factors can result in protein denaturation? 16. What is the function of an enzyme? 17. What does a catalyst (enzymes) do to activation energy? Draw a graph 18. What is the definition of a substrate? How do enzymes interact with substrate? 19. Draw and label a nucleotide. 20. In reference to proteins, what is meant by side groups, R, in amino acids?

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an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

the answer to your question is tooth decay.