Which is a frameshift mutation?
a.)substitution
b.)nonsense
c.)silent
d.)deletion

Answer;

Deletion

Explanation;

-Mutations are spontaneous sudden changes that occurs randomly in the genetic make up of an organisms.

-Frameshift mutation is a type of mutation that results from addition or deletion of a base pair or base pairs in the DNA molecule of a gene. This type of mutation is caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides or base pairs that are not divisible by three.

-Insertions involves insertion of one or more extra nucleotides in a chain of DNA. While deletions involves deleting or removal of nucletoides from DNA chain.

Mutation that leads to the change in the reading frame of the genetic code from the point of deletion until the end of the gene.

Further Explanation:

A frameshift mutation is caused as a result of the deletion or addition of one or more base pairs in the DNA segment which changes the base pair sequence from point onwards of the deleted segment.

A codon is read as a triplet of nucleotides. Any deletion which is not divisible by three would shift the reading frame and result in a completely or partially different protein compared to the original one after translation. The degree of alteration of protein depends on the site at which deletion has occurred. An occurrence of deletion in the early sequence of a DNA segment would result in a more altered protein in comparison to a deletion in the later sequence.

The altered reading frame would specify different amino acids leading to different protein formation. The frameshift mutation may also alter the stop codon. As a result, the polypeptide synthesized might be either long or short, and non-functional.

The probability of frameshift mutation to occur is higher in regions with repeated sequences. When the addition or deletion of the base pairs is not rectified by the DNA mismatch repair system, the mutations are more prone to be pathogenic and might cause cancer. This is because the tumor does not get a signal to stop growing.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Genetics

Chapter: Mutation

Keywords:

Mutation, frameshift mutation, deletion mutation, addition mutation, base pair, reading frame, DNA mismatch repair system, repeated sequences, tumor, cancer, codon, genetic code, translation, protein synthesis.