What adaptations would a plant species need to encounter the effects of an herbivorous insect and what adaptations would the insect need to counter those defenses?

The plant defense system incorporates waxy cuticles or bark that are impenetrable in order to protect from insects. They can create complex polymers that lower the plant absorbability to creatures; and poisons that can kill herbivores and insects. Furthermore, plants produce hard shells, and spines (changed leaves), and thorns to shield themselves from herbivores.  

Herbivores then again have built up a various scope of physical structures to encourage the utilization of plant material. They have created teeth structures to penetrate or break plant tissues and that mirror their taking care of inclinations. They can create proteins, for example, oxidases (MFOs) and protease that counter and diminish the adequacy of various harmful auxiliary metabolites delivered by plants. They can maintain a strategic distance from plant protections by eating plants specifically in reality.

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c

answer : haversian

[explanation: -(compact bone is organized as parallel columns, known as haversian systems, which run lengthwise down the axis of long bones. these columns are composed of lamellae, concentric rings of bone, surrounding a central channel, or haversian canal, that contains the nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic system of the bone)]