Identify ways in which all biological systems from cells and organisms to populations, communities and ecosystems are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions involving exchange of matter and free energy

Explanation:

Cell which is the basic unit of life is affected by the interactions with biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, sunlight. Organisms are made up of cells and they respond differently to temperature changes, sunlight, water availability. Some cell perform better at some certain range of temperature while some cannot.

Organism itself are affected by the interaction of some of this factors this include water and nutrients availability. Distribution of organism in a particular habitat is greatly influenced by availability of water and nutrients it lead to competition for survival among organism. Population density and species diversity also influence community and ecosystem. Population determines how resources is allocated in a community and it affect the activities of the organism in that domain or territory.

i believe the correct answer is d