Select the mechanisms used by tumor suppressor proteins to prevent the initiation and progression of cancer. A. They initiate DNA repair processes to resolve DNA damage.
B. They promote uncontrolled cell division.
C. They induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
D. They act at cell cycle checkpoints to regulate progression through the cycle.
E. They enhance cell growth by causing certain signaling pathways to remain constitutive active.

A, C and D  

Explanation:

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that act to inhibit cell proliferation and thus repress the development of tumors, while oncogenes are genes whose overexpression induce carcinogenesis. Tumor suppressor proteins inhibit tumor growth by repairing errors during DNA replication, by suppressing cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis (cell death). A well-know tumor suppressor is the protein p53, which is a transcription factor that triggers antiproliferative cell programs by inducing or inhibiting critical effector genes.

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