The students are studying for an exam in pharmacology. They know several local anesthetics have been covered along with other forms. Which medication can they anticipate as being local anethetics on the exam? a) marcaine
b) xylocaine
c) novocain

These are all examples of local  anaesthetics a) marcaine(Bupivacaine) b) xylocaine(lidocaine) c) novocain(procaine) are all  examples of local anaesthesia

Explanation:

Generally local anaesthetic are drugs used in clinical anaesthesia  to block or  suppress the sensation  of pain  at the specific  region or part of the body where it was applied.The effect of the application depends on the dose applied and the period of application.

The work  by inhibiting transmission of action potential as nerve transmission,through blocking of sodium channels. Thus depolarization is prevented,and nervous transmission to the brain (and therefore pain)  is suppressed

Generally pain transmission fibres are blocked first,motor sensation are lost afterwards ,therefore touch sensation and pressure are the last to be lost by the local region.

They are classified into  Amide or ester group based on the chemical structures.The  examples in the question are amides.

Subcutaneous or epidural administrations  can be used to apply

stress fractures occur largely in the feet and legs and are common in sports that require repetitive impact, primarily running/jumping sports such as gymnastics or track and field.

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