Determine whether the following disturbances will be followed by primary or secondary succession. In coastal areas, wind moves sand, blowing away or engulfing the soil, and eventually creating sand dunes: The introduction of livestock to an area leads to over-grazing that removes native grasses: A forest is cleared to gather lumber used for building houses: A lava flow down the side of a volcano destroys all vegetation and eventually turns into volcanic rock when it cools and hardens:

(me out over the last several centuries, scientists have made the following broad observations while investigating several branches of the life sciences: -the fossil record shows that different types of organisms have existed at different times in earth's history. -many organisms have similar body structures that seem to be adapted to different ways of living in their environment. -organisms of different species often share similarities in stages of embryonic development. -many species share genetic similarities, and almost all organisms use the same basic building blocks to construct proteins. -often, the extent of two species' similarities can be predicted from their geographic closeness to each other. -a great deal of change has been observed among species that have experienced strong selective pressures through many generations. scientists have carefully considered and rigorously tested the observations listed above. when scientists offer a of these observations, they are making 1.) testable explanation, deductive explanation 2.) scientific interference, scientific law