How Rocks and Minerals Form Match the following descriptions with the new terms you have learned. 1. the class of rock formed from layers of particles, shells, plants, or animals piled up
2. the class of rock that forms when molten rock cools and hardens
3. molten rock beneath Earth's surface
4. molten rock that reaches Earth's surface
5. the special shapes of minerals found in rocks that are made from molten rock that cools slowly
6. an opening in Earth's crust through which solid and molten rock, ash, and gases escape