What are some similarities and differences between how mammals and other kinds of animals reproduce?

Explanation:

Mammals reproduce through live birth, while other animals such as reptiles and birds lay eggs where the embryo develops inside the egg. Both mammals and reptiles produce sexually. Most mammals have fur or hair, however, other animals such as reptiles/birds have feathers/scales.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

the second type of galaxy is called a barred spiral, which has a thing called a bar straddling the nucleus