1. Secondary succession is usually the response after a small disturbance. 2. is the only constant.

3. Ecosystems were believed to continue to change until they reached a .

4. never happens in an ecosystem.

5. An ecosystem is in later successional stages if it has biodiversity.

6. The type of disturbances that have the greatest effect on biodiversity are disturbances.

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

anthropod traits:

a well-developed collarbone

rotating shoulder joints

partially rotating elbow joints

opposable thumb

similar dental formula

the answer is c. resource depletion