A hormone Cascade occurs when

 A hormone can stimulate the release of series of other hormones, the last of which activates a nonendocrine target the cell this is called a hormone cascade pathway. The release of thyroid hormone results from a hormone cascade pathway the hypothalamus, anterior, and thyroid gland.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high