Escherichia coli can generate energy under anaerobic growth conditions by fermentation, converting glucose to a mixture of ethanol and lactate. Under these conditions, the F1Fo ATP synthase is not required for ATP synthesis. Instead, the enzyme runs in reverse, hydrolyzing ATP and pumping protons out of the cell across the cytoplasmic membrane. This is a strategy that appears to waste ATP, so what is the physiological rationale for the ATP synthase running backwards when ATP is being made by fermentation? [Tip: you may need to do some research to answer this question, but also think about the mechanism of flagellar rotation].

Where does all the water go? according to the environmental protection agency (epa), in a typical wetland environment, 39% of the water is outflow; 46% is seepage; 7% evaporates; and 8% remains as water volume in the ecosystem (reference: united states environmental protection agency case studies report 832-r-93-005). chloride compounds as residuals from residential areas are a problem for wetlands. suppose that in a particular wetland environment the following concentrations (mg/l) of chloride compounds were found: outflow, 60.4; seepage, 73.7; remaining due to evaporation, 26.4; in the water volume, 46.8. (a) compute the weighted average of chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) for this ecological system. (round your answer to one decimal place.) mg/l (b) suppose the epa has established an average chlorine compound concentration target of no more than 58 mg/l. does this wetlands system meet the target standard for chlorine compound concentration? yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high. yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high.

The image below shows a common blood pressure gauge. what does this device do? a. measures the level of oxygen present in the blood b. measures the pressure of blood when the lungs expand and compress c. measures the electrical activity of the heart d. measures the pressure of blood when the heart contracts and relaxes

Reactants undergo chemical reaction to form products. this chemical equation represents one such reaction. the coefficient for one of the reactants or products is incorrect. which part of the chemical equation is incorrect?