Can someone help me with both of these!?

Environmental differences within ecosystems are generally caused by

It is believed that europa, one of jupiter’s moons has an ocean beneath its surface. based on how earth’s oceans and atmosphere are believed to have formed, what can be said about europa’s supposed ocean? the arrival of in the early days of europa’s existence could have formed its ocean. it is likely that the water experienced , similar to earth. it is also possible that this water is retained beneath europa’s surface and in its atmosphere due to europa’s .

In meiosis ii during anaphase ii which structures separated homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids