Put the following steps of old-field succession in the correct order:

Primary

Explanation: Pioneer species (bare rock,lichens, small annual plants, grasses), intermediate species(grasses shrubs and shade intolerent trees such as pines), climax community (Oak and hickorey)

i believe it is "they are not used up by reactions" as the answer to your question, text me back if this is correct because i just learned this.

1. the geologists have established a set of principals that can can be used o determine the relative ages of rock. this principal is applied to sedimentary and volcanic rocks. the rocks exposed to wall of grand canyon has layers and by studying the number of horizontal layers in the rock(strata) the relative age can be determined. the layer first formed will appear at the bottom and the the layer of strata last formed appear at the top. by using this information the approximate age of rocks can be determined.

2. carbon dating is used to find the relative age of rock in numbers which means for the rocks that has age between 1-70,000 years.

3. for the rocks of age range between 1,000 - billion of years potassium-argon dating is used.