A farmer has depleted her fields of nitrogen by growing the same crop for many years. What should she apply to the fields to replenish the nitrogen? What form should the nitrogen be in?

the binding of the substrate is dictated by the shape of each molecule. side chains on the enzyme interact with the substrate in a specific way, resulting in the making and breaking of bonds.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

anthropod traits:

a well-developed collarbone

rotating shoulder joints

partially rotating elbow joints

opposable thumb

similar dental formula