Primary succession starts with bare rock or soil

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Explanation:

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Rocks because Primary successionPrimary succession begins in barren areas, such as on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier. The first inhabitants are lichens or plants—those that can survive in such an environment.

A primary succession begins with the growth of lichens which dissolves the bare rock and cause weathering of rocks which results in soil formation. Then small plants like mosses can inhabit followed by herbs, shrubs and then trees. Finally, a stable climax community evolves.

Explanation: type of succession takes place on bare rock:Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time. For example, primary succession may take place following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on the Big Island of Hawaii. As lava flows into the ocean, new rock is formed.

stratosphere: as the altitude increases, the air temperature increases. the stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. this layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. this results in the stratosphere being warmer.

b. read the phase at the intersection of any given temperature and pressure.