When only a very few individuals give rise to a new population in a new area of favorable habitat, the new population might possess different genotype frequencies for a certain trait than the larger population from which it separated. This is called the effect.

Founder effect

Explanation:

The founder effect is the effect observed on the gene pool of a population when a non-random sample of a larger population gives rise to a new form of the population in a new habitat.

Since the new population is formed or founded by the non-random individuals of the larger population, therefore, the effect is called founder effect which is observed in terms of the gene pool.

Thus, the founder effect is the correct answer.

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