How does natural selection support the theory of evolution?
a. natural selection explains how the changes in life forms that evolve over millions of years take place over shorter periods of time.
b. natural selection explains how certain life forms are able to survive and reproduce after changes in their environmental conditions.
c. natural selection comes from the collection of fossil record data that shows how life forms.

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.