The transcription of a gene is controlled by a transcription factor binding either glucose or lactose. When there is 0.2 mM of either glucose or lactose in the cell, the gene is transcribed at about 10% of the maximum. When there is more than 2 mM glucose in the cell, the gene is fully induced. However, when there is 2 mM lactose in the cell, the amount of transcription is approximately half of the maximum. At 40 mM of either glucose or lactose in the cell, the gene is fully induced. The transcriptional regulation is likely:

the calvin cycle has three stages. in stage 1, the enzyme rubisco incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. in stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. in stage 3, rubp, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue

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any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".