A student formulated a hypothesis that water-soluble pollutants damage living organisms by increasing the permeability of cellular membranes. To test the hypothesis, the student investigated the effect of isopropanol and acetone on beet root cells. The vacuoles of beet root cells contain large amounts of betacyanin, a water-soluble pigment that is released into the extracellular environment as a result of increased membrane permeability.

Wetlands form where water and land meet. a lake with a wetland fringe can fill in with decayed plant and animal material to become a wet meadow. a pond can fill in to become a bog or fen. sediment can fill in a river marsh to become a swamp.flooding of coastal lowlands from rising sea levels has created broad coastal marshes that are protected from wave action by barrier islands or reefs. coastal wetlands also form when rivers deposit sediment as they reach the ocean. plants then take root and hold the soil firm against the forces of tides and waves.