Energy as it transfers from one consumer to the next

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The major portion energy is lost as it transfers from one trophic level to the next in a food chain.

It is because most of the energy present at any trophic level is used for various life processes such as movement, reproduction et cetera through cellular respiration.

It is ultimately lost as heat to the surroundings.

It is estimated that only 10% of the energy available at any trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.