A pea plant is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color. S is the allele for the dominant, spherical shape characteristic; s is the allele for the recessive, dented shape characteristic. Y is the allele for the dominant, yellow color characteristic; y is the allele for the recessive, green color characteristic. What will be the distribution of these two alleles in this plant's gametes?

Explanation:

Spherical shape (S) is dominant over dented shape(s), so  S is dominant over s;

Yellow (Y) is dominant over white color (y), so Y is dominant over y.

Here as given, parent is heterozygous for both parents.

so its genotype is= SsYy

Gametes formation follow both law of segregation and law of independent assortment:

So, 25% of gametes are SY

25% of gametes are Sy

25% of gametes are sY

25% of gametes are sy.