By crossing teosinte and maize through two generations (each producing F1 and F2 offspring), Dr. Beadle was able to estimate how many genes were involved in determining the major differences between the two species. F2 Offspring Ratios as Predicted by Mendelian GeneticsGenes involved Ratio of offspring expected to look like teosinte Ratio of offspring to look like maize Ratio of offspring expected to look like a mix of teosinte and maizea. 1/4 1/4 2/4 (1/2)b. 1/16 1/16 14/16 (7/8)c. 1/64 1/64 62/64 (31/32)d. 1/256 1/256 254/256 (127/128)e. 1/1024 1/1024 1022/1024 (511/512)Dr. Beadle planted about 50,000 seeds from the second cross. About 100 of these F2 offspring looked like teosinte, and about 100 like maize. Based on this result, how many genes did Dr. Beadle conclude could account for the differences between maize and teosinte?

D.) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus then species

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein