Which of the following characteristics is (are) possessed in common by true mosses, ferns, and spike mosses, and therefore becomes useless at helping to determine to which of these groups flower of stone belongs? 1. a sporophyte generation that is dominant 2. true leaves and roots 3. flagellated sperm 4. alternation of generations

4. alternation of generations

Explanation:

The attribute that is common to true mosses, ferns, and spike mosses is the switch in their life cycles between the diploid generation and haploid generation, a process known as alternation of generation.

Mosses, ferns and spike mosses are able to reproduce sexually through alternation of generation.

The haploid male and female gametophytes fuse together during fertilization to give a diploid zygote which divides through mitosis to give a diploid sporophyte. The reproductive cells of a mature sporophyte divides to give rise to haploid gametes or gametophytes and the cycle continues.

The correct option is option 4.

correct answer: understand the different control methods available

integrated pest management is an strategy that is based on the ecosystem and try to prevent the pest and the damage caused by them by applying combination of technique like habitat manipulation, biological control and use of resistant varieties.

the main aim of the integrated pest management is not to completely eliminate the pest but to strengthen the ecosystem so that conditions are favorable for plants and unfavorable for pests.