A potential Olympic athletic sprinter suffered a serious injury. As a result of this injury, they spent time immobilized in a hospital, resulting in a loss of muscle mass. The individual has now recovered from the injury and is planning on competing in the now rescheduled summer Olympics of 2021. However, due to the significant amount of muscle loss, this athlete has decided to switch from being a short distance runner (sprinter) to a long-distance runner and compete in the marathon. In order to so, what category of exercises does this athlete need to engage in and why? Additionally, in engaging in this category of exercises which skeletal muscle cell (fiber) type are they enhancing? Furthermore, what are four characteristics of this muscle cell (fiber) type? Explain what each characteristic means for the cell and how each characteristic would benefit the athlete in their new athletic endeavor. For additional points (extra credit) choose another one or two characteristics of this muscle cell type and explain what each characteristic means for the cell and how each characteristic would benefit the athlete in their new athletic endeavor (extra credit points will vary if you choose one or two characteristics).

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

Which of the following statements about archaea and bacteria is true? a. neither is single-celled. b. they both have nuclear membranes. c. neither reproduces by binary fission. d. they both lack a nuclear membrane.

What does the hardy-weinberg principle relate to? a. chances of survival of an organism b. frequency of alleles in a population c. natural selection in a species d. causes of evolution among organisms