In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies were trained to avoid certain olfactory cues. In one population, a mean of 8.5 trials was required. A subgroup of this parental population that trained most quickly (mean = 6.0 trials) was interbred, and their progeny were examined. These flies demonstrated a mean training value of 7.5 trials for olfactory cue avoidance.

A. Calculate the selection response (R ), i. e., the amount that selection can influence the phenotype of interest.

B. Calculate the selection response (R ), i. e., the amount that selection can influence the phenotype of interest.

C. Given your values for R and s from above, calculate narrow-sense heritability (h2 ) for olfactory learning in Drosophila.