At the beginning of a 3-hour lab section in a general biology class, all the students went to the restroom to empty their bladders. A few minutes later, 1/3 of the students drank 350 ml of water (Group A), 1/3 of the students drank 350 ml of a hypertonic NaCl solution (Group B), and, 1/3 of the students drank 350 ml of beer (Group C). All else being equal, which one of the following results would you most likely expect?

A. During the lab period, students in Group A would produce the greatest amount of urine.
B. During the lab period, students in Group B would produce the greatest amount of urine.
C. During the lab period, students in Group C would produce the greatest amount of urine.
D. During the lab period, urine production in the 3 groups of students would be about the same.

C. During the lab period, students in Group C would produce the greatest amount of urine.

Explanation:

The students in group C would produce the greatest amount of urine because alcohol is known to suppress the area of the brain that releases vasopressin, a substance that helps with water re-absorption in the kidney.

The students in group B will produce the least amount of urine because hypertonic solution leads to dehydration of the body and causes low urine volume to be produced by the kidney. Most of the water are re-absorbed by the kidney as a result of dehydration.

The students in group A will produce intermediate amount of urine because water is hypotonic to the body fluid but some of the excreted water will be re-absorbed by normal body physiology.

The correct option is C.

when you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. this increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. the intercostal muscles between your ribs also enlarge the chest cavity. they contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.