How are immune cells able to detect foreign pathogens? How are immune cells able to detect foreign pathogens? They are able to detect structures on the surfaces of foreign cells that are not found in the host. They can compare the DNA sequences from the foreign cells to host DNA. They detect foreign, unfamiliar chemical substances released by the invading cells.

The immune system response against pathogens in order to protect our cells from the damage and prevent diseases.

There are different cells in the blood including macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells etcetra which recognises the specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface. PAMPs can be classified as polypeptide, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid which are expressed by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Immune system detects "self" from the "foreign" antigen and destroy the pathogen without damaging the host cell.

Hence, immune cells detect foreign pathogens through specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface.

i think that the best answer would be c.

tell me if im wrong : )