A 20‐year‐old college student is experiencing dyspnea on exertion and palpitations. On cardiac auscultation, the second heart sound is split and fixed on both inspiration and expiration. What is the most likely cardiac condition associated with this finding?
a) Pulmonic stenosis
b) Left bundle branch block
c) Right bundle branch block
d) Tricuspid stenosis
e) Atrial septal defect

e) Atrial septal defect

Explanation:

Atrial septal defect is a form of congenital disease associated with adults. It happen when pulmonary vein from the left atrium carries blood and moves to the right atrium. It occurs to allow feotus to take in oxygen blood before birth due to their non-functional lungs. During child development, an interatrial septum develops to separate the left and right atrium and at birth the hole is closed but when its doesnt close It leads to (open) foramen ovale (PFO) when the channel do not close up.

The Fixed splitting of the second heart sound occurs when an

atrial septal defects occurs and a wide splitting of the second heart sound is associated to a delayed closure of the pulmonic valve.

The condition is characterized by dyspnea when in severe case and it develops into stroke the patients is subjected to theralphy.

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