You are reading a scientific article about cheetahs that have stripes instead of spots. The article refers to this as a genetic mutation. Though you see they have no negative impact on the cheetahs’ fitness, the stripes are nevertheless considered a genetic mutation because mutations:
a. can result in an evolutionary advantage.
b. can result in an evolutionary disadvantage.
c. may have no effect on the phenotype.
d. all of the above

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

thats not a question