"what could potentially cause more damage to an organism, a substitution mutation or an insertion mutation? explain your reasoning."

insertion mutation

Explanation:

a substitution mutation only changes one thing, but an insertion mutation changes everything after the point of insertion. The insertion pushes everything back, causing a chain effect

lets say i have the sentence "I have a dog"

a substitution mutation might change it to "K have a dog", seems kinda bad, but not as bad as "K Ihav e ado g" (result of insertion of K at beginning)

the index of refraction of the second medium is higher. i just took the test trust me !