The two popular measures for quantitatively determining if a process is capable are

The process capability ratio and the process capability index

Explanation:

The process capability ratio is calculated by dividing the difference of the upper and lower specification limits by six standard deviations. It is a ratio of specification to the process variation. It determines whether a process meets design specifications or not.

Whereas the process capability index measures the proportion of variation between centre of processes and the nearest specification limits.

These two are the statistical measure of a process capability which determine quantitatively that a process is capable or not.

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.