Which cellular environments is conducive to the formation of disulfide bonds within or between proteins?

The rough ER

Explanation:

Generally the formation of native  disulphide bond is essential for the folding and maturation of  proteins in the secretory pathways.These bonds are formed in the rough E.R, and also in the intramembrane of the mitochondria.

Basically an oxdative parthways is required  for the disulfide bond to form, while a reductive pathway is needed for the formation of isomers for non-native disulphide bonds. These oxidative pathways takes place in the rE.R

Generally the disulphide bonds is usually formed by oxidation of  two cysteines bonds. it does not occur in the cytoplasm because it is always in reduced state due to the presence of disulphide reductase. The same explains why it does not occur in the Nuclei

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explanation:

plate tectonics and volcanic euptions

over time, plate tectonic processes cause continents to move to different positions on the globe.

for example, britain was near to the equator 300 million years ago, and therefore was hotter than it is today. for further details look at our climate through time poster or online map.

the movement of the plates also causes volcanoes and mountains to form and these too can contribute to a change in climate.

mountain ranges formed by plate tectonics. large mountain chains can influence the circulation of air around the globe, and consequently influence the climate.   warm air might be deflected somewhere cooler by the mountains.

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