Upon heavy damage to the cell's DNA, the normal replicative DNA polymerases may stall when encountering damaged DNA, triggering the use of backup translesion polymerases. These backup polymerases … Group of answer choices lack 3′-to-5′ exonucleolytic proofreading activity. are replaced by the replicative polymerases after adding only a few nucleotides. can create mutations even on undamaged DNA. may recognize specific DNA damage and add the appropriate nucleotide to restore the original sequence. All of the above.

may recognize specific DNA damage and add the appropriate nucleotide to restore the original sequence.

Explanation:

DNA polymerase is the enzymes which synthesize a new strand of DNA by adding the nucleotides to the new stand.

The DNA polymerase enzymes also perform the activity of proofreading to look into if a wrong nucleotide has been added to the new strand or not.

In the given question, the backup polymerase is the same enzyme which synthesizes a new strand called the DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerase proofread the DNA by moving in 3'to 5' direction. For this, a protein complex is attached which scans the nucleotide and when the wrong nucleotide is found, DNA polymerase removes the wrong nucleotide and then add the correct nucleotide.

Thus, the selected option is correct.

the oldest known insects are believed to live around 400 millions ago as suggested by the fossil records.   some plants having woody stems also evolved during this time.

after the evolution of insects the first four legged species or the tetrapods evolved in shallow freshwater habitats from the intermediate species approximately 397 million years ago. the tetrapods went on conquering the land giving rise to amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.

the major split in tetrapods first occurred 340 million years ago branching off from amphibians.

363 million years ago when the carboniferous period began the insects started roaming on land and taking flights, following which the four limbed tetrapods adapted in the terrestrial habitat.