A large number of breeding birds in Yellowstone nest and feed in stands of aspen, willow and cottonwood. How do you think the return of the wolf will impact these populations? a. By increasing tree abundance, wolves will directly reduce bird population sizes. b. By decreasing tree abundance, wolves will indirectly reduce bird population sizes. c. By increasing tree abundance, wolves will indirectly boost bird population sizes. d. Because wolves do not directly interact with trees, they are unlikely to impact bird population sizes.

C is correct. By increasing tree abundance, wolves will indirectly boost bird population sizes.

Explanation:

Without wolves keeping them on their toes, elk mow down lush willows aspen, cottonwood and other vegetation along rivers and streams.

By introducing wolves the bird species who nest in those trees will have more space to nest, thus their population sizes will increase.

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explanation:

the abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. the region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. the stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. the stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. the pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.