A specific trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a

A derived trait or character

Explanation:

A cladogram reveals the relationship between species of the same ancestors by showing the trait right from the ancestors and how they have modified such traits. The cladogram is usually a tree-like diagram that places the first parents as the root.

Character or trait is usually used to group the generations into a clade and subclades in a cladogram. At any point when there is a divergence of a trait from that of the parents, a new branch is created representing a new clade.

These traits that define the subclades are known as derived traits and they are the specific trait that is used to construct a cladogram

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when it's short and dry.