In biological systems, there are several membrane transport systems responsible for the passage of ions, such as Na^+ or K^+, or small molecules, such as glucose or amino acids, through biological membranes. Classify each membrane transport system as either a primary active transporter, a secondary active transporter, or a passive transporter. Which transport systems utilize a chemical reaction for the energy source? a. the Ca^2+ ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. the Na^+/K^+ ATPase of plasma membranes the amino acid c. - Na^+ transporter of kidney cells the glucose d. - Na^+ transporter of intestinal epithelial cells the glucose transporter of erythrocytes

The collection of processes that monitors the movement of solutes like small molecules and ions across the biological membranes is termed as membrane transport. The mode of transport is differentiated into two types, that is, Active transport and Passive transport. Active transport is further differentiated into primary and secondary active transport.  

In the given question, the Calcium-ATPase present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sodium-potassium-ATPase present in the plasma membrane functions as a primary active transporter. The amino acid-sodium ion transporter in the kidney and the glucose-sodium ion transporter of intestinal epithelial cells act as secondary active transporter. In the erythrocytes, the glucose transporter acts as a passive transporter.  

The Calcium-ATPase present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sodium-potassium-ATPase present in the plasma membrane uses a chemical reaction for the energy source.  

the correct answer is 4) heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks arise from transformation of existing rocks types, in a process called metamorphism. during metamorphism the original rock(prolith) change into metamorphic rock by heating (150-200c) and pressure of more than 1000 bar. the original rock can be sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.

the potatoes have high sugar concentrations and although these potatoes were different we could seethe effects that their sugar concentrations had in different environments. for example, the potatoes in sample a, were placed in pure water. this created a hypertonic environment and caused the potatoes to draw in water from its surroundings. we saw the opposite happen with the potatoes in sample b when placed in the sodium chloride solution. the potatoes in this case were in a hypotonic solution and therefore lost water to their surroundings.