5. The transcribed portion of a gene spans about 250,000 base pairs of DNA. The protein made from this gene, with 1,480 amino acids, is translated from an mRNA of about 6,500 bases. a. Why is the coding sequence of this gene so much larger than the mRNA from which the protein is translated?

The nature of genes made them be divided into exons, introns and different regulatory sequences

Explanation:

The amount of genetic information that is under a gene structure have different roles in order to be correctly read. When a mRNA is produced from a certain gene, some regions from the complete structure of a gene might not be transcribed into a mRNA, and therefore won't be expressed into a protein. One of the main reasons of the smaller size in number of base pairs is because some of those lost regions on the DNA structure are responsible to be regulatory sequences and so, those sequences are not related with the final structure the mRNA and subsequently the protein structure. Some of those regulatory regions are related with the speed of transcription, for instance.

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.