1a, Define the term ‘adaptation’ in relation to the mode of life of an organism
b. Explain how each of the following structures adapt the organisms that possess them to their modes of life (i) Succulent leaves in Aloe sp. (ii) Succulent stems and reduced leaves in cactus plants (iii) Short, strong beaks in fowls (iv) Counter shading fish (v) tiny scale leaves on need-like branches of pine trees .

What mistake did john needham make that caused him to conclude that spontaneous generation for microorganisms occurred? a. he re-contaminated his boiled broth solutions. b. he destroyed the vital force in the solutions. c. he did not boil his broth solutions, only warmed them. d. he failed to seal his flasks of boiled broth. e. he allowed his assistant to conduct the experiment which he did not monitor closely.