Color in McIver beetles is determined by two alleles at one gene locus. McIver beetles must have a heterzygous genotype (genotype A1A2) in order to have a brown color phenotype. Calculate the frequency of the brown beetles in the population if the frequency of the A1 allele is 0.8.

The frequency of brown beetles is 0.32.

Explanation: The frequency of A1 allele is 0.8. As p+q=1, or the sum of dominant and recessive frequencies equals 1 or 100%:

1 - 0.8 = 0.2

In Hardy-Weinberg principle,

2pq represents the frequency of heterozygote individuals, so:

genotype A1A2 = 2*0.8*0.2 = 0.32.

Thus, the frequency of brown beetles (A1A2) in the population is 0.32.

1. loamy sand is about 80% sand with 10% clay and defined mostly by sand particles with some clay to provide structure and fertility. the sand particles are easily visible and the soil holds structure but breaks apart easily.

2. scott sand can improve his soil quality by incorporating more silt and organic matter into the soil. peat moss and organic matter can also be incorporated.