There are three main mechanisms that involve DNA transfer from one prokaryote to another, increasing the genetic diversity of the population. Describe these three mechanisms of DNA transfer and explain how the transfer of DNA can affect antibiotic resistance.

There are three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer typically used by bacteria: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation allows for competent cells to take up naked DNA, released from other cells on their death, into their cytoplasm, where it may recombine with the host genome.

Explanation:

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.