To establish that evolution by natural selection is operating in a population, one must demonstrate variability for a trait, heritability of that trait, differential reproductive success based on that trait, and:a) increased complexity of the organism. b) random mating. c) progress. d) continuous change in the environment. e) nothing else.

If all prokaryotes on earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the mostlikely and most direct result? a) the number of organisms on earth would decrease by 10—20%.b) human populations would thrive in the absence of disease.c) bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase.d) the recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially.e) there would be no more pathogens on earth.