Which of the following circumstances allow(s)

a. All of these circumstances allow membrane transport processes to avoid reaching equilibrium.
b. Chemical modification of a compound after it crosses to the other side.
c. Coupling transport of a reagent to a thermodynamically favored process.
d. The presence of an electrical potential that is maintained, by expending energy, across the membrane.

Organisms are classified, or grouped into categories, based on similarities in their characteristics and/or evolutionary relationships. the study of how organisms are classified is known as

Four different thermometers were used to measure the temperature of a sample of pure boiling water. the measurements are recorded in the table below. thermometer temperature reading 1 temperature reading 2 temperature reading 3 w 100.1°c 99.9°c 96.9°c x 100.4°c 102.3°c 101.4°c y 90.0°c 95.2°c 98.6°c z 90.8°c 90.6°c 90.7°c the actual boiling point of pure water is 100.0°c. what can be concluded from the data about the reliability and validity of the thermometers?

What noticeable trend from this graph might be used to make a conclusion?